Making a stop motion animation. 

For my stop motion animation assignment I will make a stop motion animation using modelling clay.  I have made some alien looking lie models which I plan to use in my stop motion animation. I used plastercine and googly eyes to make  My model will be made out of clay or plastercine. At the current time I plan on using a plain white stage for my animation. I will use the white stage for my stop motion animation. I will have my models move there antenna's up down and move around in a circle.

The dog model was inspired by gromet from Wallace and grommet as well as a mix of teletubies and the things from in the night garden.

I had another idea of making a cut out animation and making my own characters using different colours of cardboard. I would make them interact with each other and make there moves move and shake hands. I got this idea from early south park cut out animation.

In the first part of my stop motion animation I got my model figures to walk into the middle of the stage. and get into position. I then made the little antenna to move up and down.

  This is the finished part of the actual stop motion animation all of the frames have been shot. I made the figures go around in a circle on the spot. I had trouble of making sure one wouldn't overtake the others and be still while the others were moving













I then went into premier pro and added sound, tittles and credits. I found a squashy sounding noise on youtube and used that for my sound effects.









This is my finished animation. It has my animation in full as well as the sounds, tittles and credits.
I exported it as a AVI at 720p.



http://padlet.com/chris270498/7vrudtd6dlu

General feedback

The general positives are the quality of the animation and figures used in the animation. The negatives are the camera joltiness, the lighting and the bland background. the audio has mixed responses of some people liking it and some people not. One idea from the feedback was to add music throughout the animation.

My response 

I agree that both the lighting and camera work isn't very good, especially the lighting as it constantly changes from frame to frame, this is due to a lack of thought of where I should have filmed the animation. In the future I will make sure that I film somewhere where I know that the lighting will be consistent. I'm torn on what I should have done with the audio as some people like it but others don't think that it fits and sounds like something else. 

What is my response to my work? 

Overall I like the work that I have produced, I think it has a certain charm to it thanks mainly to the clay models. I like the audio as I think it fits the clay moving sound. I think that the lighting and framing could have been improved as it isn't consistent enough and can be distracting. I like the movements with the antenna and the 360 spin in the animation, however I think I could of maybe tried telling a short story with the models instead of random movements. 

How could I improve?

I can improve in the location of my next shoot for my next animation. I think that I would benefit from more experience with the camera to get some better frames and be more creative with the use of the camera (close ups etc). I think that the steadiness of the camera. I think that a greater emphasis on lighting would boost the production quality significantly, with and improved location I will achieve a constant lighting effect which will be less distracting than the lighting in this animation. 

What improvements will I make for next time?

I will make sure that the lighting and framing are considerably better than in this animation, I will also focus on making a much more interesting background instead of the white blank wall it is now. I will work on making the camera more steady so it doesn't turn out jolty and distracting to the viewer. I will continue to make new and interesting figures if my next stop motion animation is a clay model animation. 

This is an example of where I would like to eventually end up with my stop motion animation skills. It has consistent lighting smooth and camera angle changes, the production behind the piece never gets in the way of your enjoyment of the stop motion animation.


This animation is similar to mine in that the lighting and style of presentation is quite similar (one consistent camera angle and a white plain background) However this animation is more in the style of a cut out animation opposed to my clay model stop motion animation. I would say that this animation is a lot more complicated so some of the feedback would probably mention the complexity of the animation. The animation is a rendition of the classic Tetris game so some feedback may talk about the idea behind the animation.

Research Methods

Research Methods

There are a number of different uses and methods for researching. In this assignment I will be talking about the different uses for research and why it is necessary before you start any project. The reason you should research a subject before trying to talk about it is to not sound ignorant and produce false information.

Different types of research 

There are several different types of research including quantitative and qualitative. While the variations of research are for the same purpose they are both different in the information they give and the way of obtaining them. 

Quantitative research 

Quantitative research is researching facts and figures. This type of research is objective as opposed to subjective which is qualitative research. examples of quantitative research would be things like album sales or box office figures. Quantitative research is good because it gives you a clear answer to a question it also show how many people are interested in one subject. A lot of quantitative research is used in news broadcasts so they can present the viewers with facts, whether it be the level of unemployment or the number of cuts being made.

http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=avengers2.htm
Here are some box office figures for the latest avengers film.

Qualitative research 

Qualitative research consists of peoples opinions which you can find in interviews or in a lot of qualitative research is usually presented in a quote form which allows people to consume small bits of information at a time. A lot of qualitative research is used in the news and documentaries as they ask a range of people for more information on the subject, whether it be a professional on the subject or bystander who has an opinion on the subject.  qualitative research is good for getting professional opinions on subjects.

Here is an example of some qualitative research. It is a review of age of Ultron filled with the reviewers opinions on different aspects of the film.

Primary research 

Primary research is when you go out and ask questions and get information for yourself. you can collect both qualitative research by asking peoples opinions and collecting quantitative research through gathering information for surveys. The good thing about primary research is that you know that it is legitimate information and hasn't been twisted in any way. 

Secondary research 

Secondary research is when you find someone else's research and use it to benefit yourself this can also be applied to both qualitative and quantitative research. You can usually find surveys and opinions of famous people on the internet. The benefit of secondary research is that you can find information that would've been out of your area of reach.  A lot of information can be found from internet forums questionnaires.

Purposes of research 

While all research serves to inform you more on a subject there are different areas to research to make sure relative content is made and it will attract an audience. The three main things to research before making your content is audience research, market research and production research. 

Audience research

Audience research is when you find out what demographic  you are aiming at and how to peek their interest and keep them entertained in your content. Audience research usually involves examining the audiences viewing preferences, what time they watch tv and how much free time they have. Its important to know what audience you are targeting at so you can cater your content to them and make it appealing. 

Market research

Market research is when you look for what type of content is popular right now in the market. This is useful because it allows you to decide what kind of programming will get the most views. Market research is mainly used by big companies to decide what will make the most money and what will attract the biggest audience. Sometimes people will do market research to find something that hasn't been done and could become a potential gap in the market.

Come dine with me became quiet popular as day time television because it had a sought of reality tv/competition cooking show. A similar kind of show is three in a bed which is a show about a group of BnB owners staying and rating each others BnB's, it still has the reality tv aspect with the drama put into the show and a focus on the quests personalities.

Production research

Production research is all about researching the practicality and costs of the making of content. Production research includes business fees, viability, resources and distribution. The purpose of production research is to make sure how much money you are spending and how you will distribute your content to an audience. It is very important to do production research so you don't go over your budget or mess up the business side of making content. 

Understanding Media Jobs

Understanding media Jobs

In this assignment I will be talking about the different job opportunities in the media industry. I will be talking about the differences between part time and full time. I will be talking about the different jobs in the television industry and what requirements you must meet to take on the job. 

Actors 

Actors are probably the most recognised job in the tv industry as they are exposed to the audience more than anyone else and draw the most attention in the show. As an actor you must have the skills to work well with other people whether it be other actors or the crew. Acting is a niche skill in itself meaning you must be able to portray a convincing performance of a range of different emotions and characters. The salary of an actor depends on their fame and the job that they are doing. For example if an actor was playing a side character they would generally make less money than the main character in a show. Sometimes if the actor is well known they will only do work for a certain price where as less well known actors will take what the employer is giving. 

Agents

Agents are responsible for getting actors work. An agent sort of works as a kind of distributor of you and your work. It is the agents job collect potential jobs and present them to their clients (the actors). The average entertainment agent in the UK earns 15,000 or more pounds a year. The hours of work vary from how many clients the agent has and how busy the local scene is.

https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/entertainmentagent.aspx

Camera operator 

A camera operator is responsible for managing and using all of the camera equipment on set. It os the camera operators job to shoot all of the shots in the tv programme. Camera operators are vital to making any sort of live action programming. A lot of camera operators work as a freelance style of business instead of working directly under someone. The salary for a camera operator can  range from how well known they are (how good they are), what project it is, how many hours they are working. However some camera operators in the UK are employed by the BBC or ITV and work full time time. The average for a camera operator working ten hours on a piece of factual programming like a documentary roughly makes 285 pounds,  for commercials you could get paid 411 pounds per every ten hours and for ITV news you could earn 227 pounds. 

http://www.prospects.ac.uk/television_camera_operator_salary.htm 

Choreographer 

A choreographer is in charge of designing complicated movements such as a dance or a fight scene. Choreographers can also arrange moves for music videos such as stage moves or dances during the music video. Michael Jackson is a good example of a choreographer in his music videos. Choreographers usually work on more than one routine at a time whether it be for a stage performance or tv. It is sometimes required for the choreographer to travel and train the dance team that will be performing the piece. A choreographer is usually a dance teacher and does choreography on the side. A choreographers pay varies greatly on who they are working for and if the theatre is under equity to give them a certain amount of minimal pay. An experienced worker could earn 1,275 pounds a week.

https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/choreographer.aspx

Costume designer

A costume designers job is to create both the idea for a costume and the physical costume. A costume designer will normally be asked to make some sort of concept art for the costume and then create some sort of prototype depending on if the concept art is approved. A costume designer is normally the leader of a group of people in a costume department. The responsibilities of a costume designer are to study the script to get a better idea of what the costume should look like. Another job the costume designer must do is communicate with the producer and director to get a better idea of what costume they should make. The skills that are required to be a costume designer is the ability to manage a budget, organisation skills and the ability to make and direct the production of a costume. You must have some sort of diploma and degree in textile design. The number of hours a costume designer works can vary greatly on what project they are undertaking. The average pay for a costume designer in the UK is 13,000 pounds a year.

Director

The directors job is to make sure that the show is of good quality and is a good representation of the script or the source material. It is the directors job to lead the cast and crew to create the program. A lot of directors are also writers so one of the directors jobs is to write the script for the show or coming up with the idea for a documentary of quiz/ talk show. The director is responsible for casting and hiring the crew as well as setting schedules for shooting days. The director has the job of choosing the locations for shooting and just generally deciding how the show will look and play out. The director is basically the supervisor of the whole show. Hours and salaries vary greatly depending on the project and the notoriety of the director. Hours for a director are normally quite long as they are involved with nearly ever aspect of the creation process. The salary normally depends on how well the show does.  

https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/tvorfilmdirector.aspx

Stunt performer 

The stunt performers job is to perform complicated and potentially dangerous tricks and stunts that would be dangerous to someone untrained. A stunt performer normally works as some sort of stunt double for an actor. The requirements for a stunt performer is good gymnastic skills, good fighting skills with weapons as well as fists, good athleticism, and special driving skills for crashes and chase sequences. The working hours for a stunt performer vary widely, depending on the film schedule, how many scenes they will be in and how complicated the stunt will be. The salary also varies widely, it normally depends on what the stunt is and how many they must perform.

https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/stuntperformer.aspx

Boom operator 

The boom operator is in charge of managing the boom. The boom operators job is to get the microphone as close to the actor without having the mic in the shot. The requirements for a boom operator is good audio skills and knowledge. good concentration and a steady hand. The boom operator has to have a good understanding of the rest of the kit on set so they can work together with the other kit operators. Pay and hours aren't set in stone as they change on how many hours which depends on the individual filming schedule. 

http://creativeskillset.org/job_roles_and_stories/job_roles/286_boom_operator_tv 

TV Presenter 

The tv presenter is the front and the face of the show. There are different types of presenters, there are the presenters that are more formal and used for the news. Some presenters are informal and are comedic, you will usually see these kind of presenters on some kind of comedy show or a quiz show. The presenter job is to lead the performance and take it in the right direction. 

The requirements for a presenter are good speaking skills and depending on the work either a fun personality or a formal presentation of themselves for new reports. Working hours depend on the filming schedule. The salary depends on how famous the presenter is. A lot of celebrity actors host a show of some sort. 

https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/tvpresenter.aspx

Makeup and hair artist 

A makeup and hair artist job is to make different hair and makeup designs. The hair and makeup artist is responsible for the look of the actors. The requirements for  hair and makeup artists is a good understanding of hair and makeup design as well as an understanding of what design is good for which situation. A hair and makeup artist must be able to interpret the scrip and make a suitable look for the character. The hours vary, depending on the needs for the job and the complexity of the design. A hair and makeup artist on a  ten hour day on a drama tv set earns about 210 pounds a day. 

https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/make-upartist.aspx 

Full time 

There is no definite amount of hours for a full time job but it is considered that the average amount of hours working in a week is 40 hours however these numbers can change depending on the employer. A full time worker will normally work 5 days a week for 5-8 hours a week. 

http://www.smallbusiness.co.uk/20957/the-definition-of-full-and-parttime-employment.thtml

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full-time

Part time

A part time job is generally half of the hours of a full time job. Part time work is organised into shifts and will rotate around several part time workers. A lot of young people get a part time job so they can stay in education while working. Sometimes a company will only need part time workers at certain points in the year so they hire them as part time instead of full time where they would have no work to do. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part-time_contract

Freelance 

A freelance job is where you are your own boss and organize your own work. Going freelance is very much like running your own business as you must decide your own costs and what to invest in. Depending on how well your freelance job is going will depend on how many hours you are doing, if you are in a comfortable place financially then you can decide your own hours. 

Piece work

Piece work is when you are paid a fixed amount of money for every unit you make. This is normally scene in some sort of production line at a factory this known as output work which is one type of piece work. Another variation is time work which is an annual salary for a certain amount of hours a year. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piece_work

Areas in the creative sector 

Creative 

The creative area is reserved for type of jobs that create stories or soundtracks. The creative area normally contains jobs like writers for scripts or any type of story.  

Technical 

The technical area is for the jobs that are about sorting out both video and audio for the show and making sure that everything on the equipment side is working. Jobs such as audio technicians fill up this area as well as video editors. 

Editorial 

The editorial area is for the kind of jobs like a reporter or an journalist who writes or advertises about the tv show. 

Marketing 

The marketing area is all about advertising and promoting a show through different advertisement campaigns whether it be trailers or some poster to advertise online, another method is using interviews with the actors or behind the scenes footage before the release to advertise the show. The kind of jobs would be marketing manager and marketing executive. 

Managerial 

The managerial area is for the manager roles. Such jobs include equipment managers, production managers and catering managers. 

Legal

The legal area is to make sure no laws are broken and all regulations are kept unbroken. The jobs usually include lawyers and consultants. 

Financial

The financial area is all about managing and organizing budgets, jobs including finance managers and accountant assistants.

My production animation assignment

For this assignment I will be making a 15 second animation. I will be using adobe flash as well as a number of different techniques that I have learnt previous to this assignment to make my animation. 

My idea 

My idea is to have two people playing baseball one throwing a ball and one hitting the ball with a baseball bat. The ball will go flying towards the pitcher and he will catch it. The pitcher will throw the ball a second time and once hit it will fly towards the screen. I had the idea of using sound bites of a ball being thrown as well as the sound of a bat hitting the ball. I would like to have the sound of a cheering crowd in the background when the ball is hit and when the ball goes flying. For songs I was thinking of adding this 17 second theme that is popular in american baseball and is quite well known.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vb19d08Lnec

Examples of animation 

This animation is an elaborate fight scene between two characters with punching,kicking and jumping. Although my animation wont be as grand or complicated.

Here is another example of 2d animation but this one is in the more traditional sense in that it is on a 2d plain and looks drawn almost like a doodle on a flip book.

Here is a clever animation made in flash using a stick man. My animation will be similar because my animation will also include stick characters however they will not being doing the same level of complicated things as in this animation. 

http://www.clker.com/clipart-4554.html

I got this clip art bat so I could have a bat in my animation. 9I chose clip art because I think that it will fit better in my animation than a real bat.

I went back and thought of a different idea which would be just as good but would be more benifitial to my current skill set in 2d animation. My second idea is to have a stick figure flapping his arms until he starts to fly up I will then have across the screen. I will have him dodging planes and other flying objects. For sound effects I will have wind sounds as well as the sound of a plane flying over.

My animation 

I started my animation with a stationary stick man so I could flap his arms either way. 

.

I moved the stickman's arms up and down by using the onion skin tool to keep my place as well as drawing a different drawing each frame. As a result I have made both of his arms move up and then return to his original position.

By this point I have made his arms move downward and then return to their original position. I then copied and pasted the frames to make him do the actions of and over which saved me a lot of time.

I exported my stick figure into a swf file so I could have him constantly flap his arms without having to keep on drawing the arms moving up and down. After exporting it I imported it into a different a different scene. I then made a keyframe in frame 100 hundred. 

I added a cloud into my animation I plan on making it move to the right end of the screen. With the addition of the cloud I can add wind sound effects into the animation. I will have my stick man go to the other end of the stage so my stick man and cloud will go in opposite direction to each other. 

I had the problem of my stick figure disappearing on the frame after my keyframe. To solve this I had to make a new layer and paste the stick man onto that new layer then create the classic tween to get him to move across the screen. I also turned him upside down using the transform tool. 

I exported my finished animation into a .MOV file and then put it in premier pro. From there I put my titles and credits using the in program tittle maker. I went on youtube to find my wing flapping and wind sound effects. Once I had put everything into place I exported my final piece as a .AVI file. 

Feedback 

http://padlet.com/wall/mndrc7h9p0e2

My response to my animation

I like my animation, I think the simplicity adds to the overall charm of the animation. I like the idea of the man taking off like a rocket by flying whilst flapping his arms. I think that the sound effects work pretty well with giving off the idea that I wanted. I like the cloud and how it moves in the opposite direction. I think that I could have made the legs move or had the body wiggle to make it better. 

Feedback

The general feedback is that they like the overall quality of animation and the sound effects used in the animation however some more sound would have benefited the animation. The general negative is that I could have done more with the stick man to make it better, to animate different parts of his body as well as his arms. Some of the feedback mentioned that the tittle wasn't very effective as it was on a white background which made it stand out less.

How could I improve?

To improve I will make the animation a little more complex and make it a little bit more interesting to watch. I will advance my knowledge and practical skills in Adobe Flash Player so I can achieve a better quality and more impressive piece of animation with more detail. However I would like the keep the simplicity of this animation so I will not go overboard on the amount of detail and complexity. 

What will I improve for next time? 

Next time I would like to make a more complex piece and push my current abilities in flash to its limit. I would like to improve with the software to make sure that I am able to do more complex actions and have more skills available. If possible I would like to make a more complex figure next time instead of just a plain stick figure. For my next animation I think I will add music in as well as sound effects as well as a clear narrative for the viewer to enjoy. 

This animation is both similar but different at the same time. The style of art used in both animations is similar as they are both pretty simple. However the style of animation and content is quite different as different things happen and the animation in this is a lot more flexible as the lines wobble but mine is very rigid. Because of the different styles and different content this animation will receive different feedback.

As you can see the line wobbles as opposed to my animation where the stick man is very rigid and his ams never bend. This shows the two different styles of animation and ultimately separates the two animation projects. 

This animation is completely different to mine. It uses pictures instead of drawn images. He has used audio and stills from different scenes to re create them in a 2d animation format. Because these are two very different types of 2d animation the feedback will be very different. They will be commenting on the use of stills and how they are animated as well as the timing, levels and quality of audio used in the animation as there is more of a focus on a narrative.

As you can see the animation focuses on re creating its scenes. Along with the speech bubble there is some audio from the original scene. To do this well you would have to time the audio with the speech bubble.

Factual programme production techniques for television 

In this assignments I will be talking about the different techniques and cliches of the factual programming industry as well as there importance to the industry in terms of impact and effectiveness. I will be talking about the issues that face documentary makers. I will be talking about the different conventions that have placed a firm role in the making of documentaries and how they effect the documentary as a whole.

Issues 

Many issues surround factual programs such as accuracy, balance, biased, subjectivity, objectivity and opinions all of these can effect the factual program in one way or another. Most effect the impartiality of the programming which can cause harm and offence to the viewers especially if the documentary is inaccurate and puts across false information. 

Accuracy 

This can be the most harmful issue surrounding factual programming especially if it is a documentary or a news broadcast as it can re enforce false stereotypes or tell the story incorrectly putting someone else under harm from the public breaking libel law.

An example of a false news report was the wrong suspect of the Boston marathon bombing. The inaccurate report was blamed on a rush of time to get the story out first and questionable sources.  Four people were broadcasted as suspects by major news channels, however these people weren't suspected by the police and non of this information about the 'suspects' were from legitimate sources.

I used these sources for my information

http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cnn-boston-marathon-bombing-mistake-441551
http://theweek.com/articles/465307/4-innocent-people-wrongly-accused-being-boston-marathon-bombing-suspects

Another example was the report on the  Colorado shooting in Aurora. The report said that the culprit was connected to the tea party which was false and had to be corrected at a later date on live air.
The confusion was made because one Jim Holmes had a association with the tea party but it wasn't the same Jim Holmes. He later stated this.

"An earlier report that I had was incorrect that he was connected with the Tea Party in fact that’s a different Jim Holmes," he said. "He was not connected to the Tea Party and what we do know about him is he is a 24 year old white male who went to Colorado for a PHD." 

Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/oops-abc-news-3-big-reporting-errors-this-month-2012-8#ixzz3Xx8C03JAThis link has a video with the news report as well as the correction made.
http://www.businessinsider.com/oops-abc-news-3-big-reporting-errors-this-month-2012-8?IR=T

Biased 

A problem with the factual programming industry is peoples biased opinions on certain subjects. For example a documentary can come across as biased in the way it presents the facts or the story or even which facts they chose to show. Stuff like propaganda is filled with peoples biased opinions. 

Here is an example of bias in the news during the run up to the latest US election. The video points out the different ways the news points out irrelevant facts about Mitt Romney in a attempt to sway the public's opinion on the presidential applicant. The reporter paint President Obama in a much better light making him a sympathetic figure as well as ignoring other facts about his personal history.

Subjectivity/Objectivity

In the factual programming subjectivity can be mistaken for objectivity and vice versa. The factual programming industry has to be careful when presenting a opinion in a way that doesn't make it look like a fact. The reason this is an issue is that the consumers could get the wrong idea of a subject because they have been led to believe that it is a fact.

Codes and conventions in the factual programming industry

A lot of different techniques of presenting information is copied and pasted across the different formats of factual programming whether it be interviews, the way reporters address the camera, the different types of shots used in documentaries and news reports. 

Studio news readers

Studio news readers have become an essential part of broadcasting news so much that some have become famous individual and in some cases infamous. The news readers job is to present information through a verbal speech telling the viewer the news story. A studio news reader is normally stationed in the studio as opposed to a field reporter.

How do they effect the audience?

The studio news reader is a vital part because it arguably has the most effect on the audience because they are speaking for the majority of the time whether it be addressing the camera directly or narrating  over graphs or other pieces of visual information. 

Bill O' Reilly is a studio news reader at fox news in america he is known for doing a lot of interviews and debates with a number of different people on a number of different subjects. He has become a rather infamous individual figure during his time reporting news. 

Alastair Stewart is a british news presenter for ITV news. It is his job as a presenter to present the news to the public. He also moderated the first election debate in 2010.

Field reporters 

Field reporters are like studio news readers in the sense that they present the latest news stories to the public, however they differ in both the level of detail and the location that they present the the news. Field reporters go out to the location of the latest news story and tell the story with some more detail from that locations. Field reporters normally gather information from the local scene which gives more insight on the story.

Here is a video showing different examples of field reporting. This video focuses on showing how field reporters bring sports news to the news broadcast.

How do they effect the audience? 

A field reporters main job is to provide more detail on a news story. They effect the audience by showing the audience a bit more detail and the scene of the current situation. 

Interviewing/Experts and witnesses 

Interviews are common place in the news and documentaries. Interviews are used to either provide a different perspective on a topic or to provide a professional opinions and information on the subject. Sometimes interviews can be conducted in a vox pox fashion with lots of bystanders giving their opinion on the subject.

How does it effect the audience?

Interviews serve to give the audience a different perspective and more detail on the subject at hand. Interviews can help to tell the story in a documentary format. 

This interview shows a opinion on a subject from a random bystander at the scene of the report. The interview serves to show someone else's perspective.

This interview works as a sort of mini documentary by telling the story through a big interview mixed with some live footage.

Report structure 

The report structure is the format in which news and other pieces of information is presented in a broadcast context. Certain conventions have become staples in modern news broadcasting. These things vary in importance, whether it be the way the presenter presents himself, his/her posture, language and dress code or maybe the use of graphics to show people and graphs for different visual statistics. 

This video points out all of the different codes and conventions used in today's British news industry.

The basic structure for a news report is an introduction of the presenter and the story. Then at the scene more detail will given on the issue or the story. After that a mic of facts and interviews of people on the street about the issue/story then maybe a interview of someone effected directly by the issue/story, The report normally ends with some sort of question.

Documentary formats 

Realism/dramatisation

Something that documentary produces have to be careful of keeping the documentary realistic and not dramatizing the story. The idea of a documentary is to tell a real life story and for that story is to be grounded to reality so produces must make sure it doesn't become more of a film adaptation of a true story. Sometimes stories are told through docudramas instead of documentaries which is usually keeps the essential points of the story but  exaggerates certain points to make it more interesting to an audience. 

Narrativisation 

Documentaries can tell lots of different stories about different people, locations or events. Some documentaries tell the life story of individual people or the story of a famous musician and shows how their career came to be and how it has progressed. A lot of documentaries focus on a big subject instead of focusing on an individuals story, for example documentaries about different aspects of world war one and two are very popular.

This documentary is about the band avenged sevenfold and tells the story about how they formed the band and how the band started to get more popularity as the years went on. The documentary focuses more on the band as a whole instead of focusing on one individual in the band.

This documentary is about a certain aspect of the second world war (a submarine) instead of talking about how the war progressed as a whole. This works because there are lots of different aspects of world war two that can be covered in detail.